What is the purpose of indirect attack during firefighting?

The purpose of indirect attack during firefighting is to cool the space by generating steam. This method involves directing water into the upper portions of the compartment where the fire is present, which results in the water vaporizing due to the high heat. As the water turns into steam, it expands dramatically, displacing the oxygen and thereby reducing the concentration of available oxygen for combustion. This cooling effect not only helps to lower the temperature of the fire but also contributes to the suppression of the flames.

Using steam as a cooling agent also has the advantage of allowing firefighters to combat the fire from a safer distance, reducing their exposure to heat and flames. Indirect attack is particularly useful in situations where direct application of water on the fire may not be feasible or could exacerbate the situation, such as in the case of certain hazardous materials or confined spaces.